Ratchet mechanism



1,570,730 R. A. DE LANQ RATCHET MECHANISM Filed sept. 15, 1925. 2sheets-sheet 1 Jan. Z6 1926.

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Jan. 26 1926. R. DE ANO 1,570,730

RATCHET MECHANI SM Filed sept. 15, 1925 2. sheets-smet 2' tool embodyingmy improved ratchet head;

Patentedl Jan. 26, 1926.

UNITED STATES ROY A. DE LANo, oE EUGENE, OREGON.

EATCHET MEcH'ANIsM.

Application filed September 15, 1925. Serial No. 56,505.

T0 all whom t concern:

Be it known that I, ROY A. DE LANo, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of the city of Eugene, county of Lane, and State of Oregon,have invented certain new and useful Impro-vements in Ratchet Mechanism,of which the following is a specification. y n

The object of my invention is to provide a strong but simple ratchetmechanism' which is compact and thus readily adaptable to beincorporated in any machine in which a ratchet is desired. For example,I have shown two machines, namely, a lifting jack and a scraper bladeturner in which my im; proved ratchet mechanism has been incorporated.

A further obj ect of my invention is to provide a ratchet head of thistype which is adapted to engage the threads of a screw directly, thus toobtain an'extremely secure engagement therewith. To eect this result Imillor otherwise form slots longitudinally of the screw, through thethreads thereof, so that'the pawl or other engaging device carried bysaidl ratchet head is permitted to seat in said grooves to prevent theturning of said head in one direction.

The details of my invention and the mode of operation of two embodimentsthereof are hereinafter described with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

Fig. l is a substantially-longitudinal section through alifting.,]`ack,embodying myV improved ratchet mechanism;

Fig. 2 is a larger scaled transverse section taken on the line 2-2 ofFig. l;

Fig. 3 is axsimilarly increased scaleddraw- Aing taken on the line 3 3of Fig. l;

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section taken substantially on the same line asFig. l through the main screw and the adjusting 'nut thereon; A

Fig. '5 isv a (fragmentary section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a plan V1ewl of a tool for turning scraper blades used inwoodworking, said and Fig. 7 is an elevation of said tool with portionsshown as broken away to disclose details of construction.

The lifting ack embodying my invention comprises a main screw a carriedby a footlike base b, said base being releasably held thereto by a pinc. The helical screw thread a is provided with longitudinally arrangednotches a2, as shown in the figures, and an internally threaded nut d ismounted on said screw. and provided with ay releasable pawl' c adaptedto engage one of said longitudinally arranged notches a2. Said pawl isprovided with a bevel face e and with a stralght face 'e2 so as to gripsaid notches in one direction of rotation, and to pass freely over thesame 1n the opposite dlrection. Said pawl is mounted in a radiallyarranged aperture j in the shouldery al of said operating nut and isheld in engagingposition withv said notches by a coiled spring g. Saidpawl is also provided with an elongated shank es which extends outwardlythrough said aperture and is journaled in a threaded nut h and carriesan indicating lin i on its outer extremity as Vshown in Fig. 3. Aradially arranged pin j is also carried by said pawl and engages eitherof' two slots y" or i2 in said recess f.

When the pawl is arranged as shown in Fig. 3, it prevents the relativeclockwise movement of said shoulder d about the screw a. To permit saidclockwise rotation, the pawl is pulled outwardl by said iin z' so thatthe radially arrange pin 7' will become disengaged from its slot j andis turned oppositely so that the pin j will engage the slot i2 to permitthe reverse operation of lsaid jack.

Said operating nut d is provided with a threaded end d2 which is adaptedto screw into the casing-like collar or :jack head k upon which therotatable load-carrying cap Z is mounted. Said cap l is preferably car-ytudinally externally arranged slots d", and said head n carries anengaging pawl o` which is lsimilar in all respects tothe pawl e, beingprovided with a beveled face o and a straight face o2, being encircled'by the coil spring g', and having a spindle-like eXtension o3 extendingthrough thevnut L; said spindle-like extension 03 carrying a fin-likeindicator v1. The recess f therefor is provided with radial slots j andj for receiving the pin j* therein which can vbe turned so as to arrangethe beveled face 0 to cause clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation ofsaid operating nut d relatively upon the screw a. Said head n carries apivoted socket p upon a pivot pin p extending across the ears a thereof.Said socket p is thus permitted pivotal movement about said pin p so asto permit the operating handle Q, received in said socket, to beoperated at any desired vertical angle.

To extend the jack so as to lift an object, the jack is placed with itscap Z under the object to be lifted and with the base?) upon a support.The pawls e and o are arranged oppositely with the pawl 0` adapted toturn the nut d so that it will climb upon the threads a of the screw a,then by oscillating the operating handle g, said pawl o moves said headabout said screw and the pawl e will pass over and engage the grooves a?formed in the threads a of the screw a. Saidl pawl e prevents thereverse movement of said nut when the operating lever is being movedbackward, relatively, to obtain a new hold' to further extend the jack.When the jack is to be reversed both of said pawls are reverselyarranged so as to present their beveled faces oppositely to the groovesto cause the jack to be retracted so that it can be removed from underthe object being lifted.

In Figs. 6 and 7, I show my improved ratchet mechanism as embodied in atool for turning the end of a scraper blade 2, said scraper blade beingheld between the jaws 3 and 3a of a vise. Said tool comprises an L-shaped body4 upon which a screw 5 is set perpendieularly. The end ofsaid body 4 is referably formed to constitute one of the jaws of saldvise, the jaw 3a being shown in the iigures as being integral with saidbody.

The jaw 3 is relatively movable and is actuated bythe turning of thescrew 6 provided with a handle 7. The head 8 of said vise is providedwith two sliding rods 9 which connect said head 8 and the jaw 3 of thevise and form with said parts, a rigid structure.

Thus by turning said screw 6 in the vise, said head 8 and thus the jaw3l will be moved either towards or away from said relatively fixed jaw3a.

The improved ratchet mechanism which embodies my invention comprises ahead 10 which is journaled upon a nut 11, said nut being provided withan enlarged shoulder '11l against which said head bears. Saidnut,

in the shoulder 11", is provided with a retractable pawl mechanism 12which isheld by resilient means so as to engage the longitudinallyformed notches 13 formed 'in the threads 51L of said screw 5. A collar14 is mounted upon the threaded e'nd 11b of said nut and is held in saidposition by a setI screw 15. The head 1() is thus journaled upon theperiphery of said nut. 11 and held.

gagement with said notches so as to engage said head with said collar,when said head is rotated in one direction, and to permit the relativedisengagement thereof when said parts are rotated relatively in theopposite direction.

Said head is provided with outstanding ears 10a and a socket 17 isjournaled between them, being mounted upon a pivot pin 18. In saidsocket a handle 19 is mounted, said handle carrying a piece of hardenedsteel 20 which serves as an instrument for turning -the cutting edge ofthe blade 2. Said piece of hardened material preferably has notched ends2Oa and one of said notched ends is engaged by a set screw 21, the otherbeing held by a correspondingly recessed portion 19a of said handle. ,i

To use said tool in turning the cutting edge of a scraping tool, theratchet head is arranged so as to lie adjacent the body 4 withthe'operating handle 19 extending in a more or less vertical plane. Thepawls 12 and 16 are set so that they will engage the notches 13 in thescrew to cause said ratchet head to move upwardly on the `latter. Thehandle is then oscillated back and forth with the workin edge of thepiece of hard material 2O bearmg against the cutting edge of the scraperblade which is` gripped firmly between the jaws of the vise. As saidcutting edge is stroked by a piece of hard material, the ratchet head iscaused yto climb upon the screw 5 and thus as it climbs the handle 19progressively assumes a more horizontal position and thus the cuttingedge is acted upon by the piece of material 20 so as to cause saidcutting edge to be turned in a sharper angle relatively to the body ofsaid tool.

I claim: y

1. In a power device'of the character described, a base, a threadedscrew provided with a plurality of longitudinally arranged notches inthe threaded portion thereof, said screw being carried by said base, anut threaded upon said screw, said nut being provided with a pawlnormally arranged to engage one of the notches on said screw to preventthe relative rotation of said parts in- 2. In a power device of thecharacter described, a baseja threaded screw provided with a pluralityof longitudinally arranged notches in the threaded portion thereof, saidscrew being carried by said base, a nut threaded upon said screw, isaidnut being provided with a pawl normally arranged to engage one of thenotches on said screw to prevent the relative rotation of said screw andsaid n ut in one direction.

3. In a power device of the character described, a base, a threadedscrew provided with a plurality of longitudinally arranged notches inthe threaded portion thereof, said screw, being carriedby said base, anut threaded upon said screw, said nut bein provided with a springcontrolled paw normally arranged to engage one of the" notches on saidscrew to prevent the relative rotation of saidvscrew and said nut inLone direction.

4. In a power device of the character described, a base,- a threadedscrew provided with a plurality of longitudinally arranged notches inthe threaded portion thereof, said screw being carried by said base, anut threaded upon said screw, said nut being provided with a shoulder atone end in which a pawl is located which is'normally arranged to engageone of the notches on said screw to prevent the relative rotation ofsaid screw and said nut in one direction.

5. In a power device of the character described, a base, a threadedscrew provided with a plurality of longitudinally arranged notches inthe threaded portion thereof, said screw being carried by said base, anut threaded -upon said screw, said nut being provided with a pawlnormally arranged to engage one of the notches on said screw to preventthe relative rotation of said screw and said -nut in one direction, ahead journaled upon said nut, and co-operating means carried by saidhead and nut, respectively, adapted to cause the engagement Iof saidparts when they are relatively rotated in one direction and to causetheir disengagei.

ment when rotated relatively in the opposite direction.

6. In a power device o f the character described, a base, a threadedscrew provided with a plurality of longitudinally arranged notches inthe threaded portion thereof, said screw being carried by said base, anut threaded.u on said screw, said nut being provided with a pawlnormally arranged to engage one of the notches on said screw to preventthe relative rotation of said screw and said nut in one direction, aheadjournaledv uponV said nut, a handle, co-operating means carried bysaid head and nut, respectively, adapted to cause the engagement ofJsaid parts when 'they are relatively rotated in one direction and tocause their disengagement when rotated relatively in the oppositedirection.

7. -In a power device of the character described, a base, a threadedscrew provided with a plurality of longitudinally arranged notches intheA threaded portion thereof, said screw being carried 1 by said base,a nut threaded u on said screw, said nut being provided wlth a pawlnormally arranged to engage one of the notches on said screw to preventthe relative rotation of said screw and said nut 1n one directlon, ahead )our-V naled u on said nut, and engaging means carried Ey said headand adapted to engage the notched nut when said head is rotatedrelatively in one direction and to release the same in the oppositedirection,

8. In a power device of the character described, a base, a threadedscrew provided with a pluralit of longitudinally arranged notches in thet readed portion thereof, said screw' being carried by said basef a nutthreaded u on said screw, said nut being provided with a pawl normallyarranged to engage one`of the notches on said screw to prevent therelative rotation of said screw and said nut in one direction, a headjournaled upon said nut,a pawl carried by said head and adapted to'engae the notched nut when said head is rotate relatively in one directionand to release the same in the opposite direction.

9. In a power device of the character described, a base, a threadedscrew provided Awith a plurality of longitudinally arranged notches inthe threaded portion thereof, said screw being carried by said base, anut threaded upon saidV screw, said nut being provided with a pawlnormally arranged to engage one of the notches von said screw to preventthe relative rotation of said screw and said nut in one direction, ahead journaled u on said nut, a spring extended pawl carried y said head'and adapted to engage the notched nut when said head is rotatedrelatlvely in one direction and to release the Same in the oppositedirection.

10. In power device Vofthe'character described, a base, a threaded screwprovided with a plurality of longitudinally arranged notches in thethreaded portion thereof, said screw being carried by said base. a nutthreadedvupon said screw, said nut being provided with a shoulder at oneend, the opposite end of said nut being provided with an externalengaging means, a collar engaged by said latter end, a head journaledupon said nut and seated upon said shoulder and held by said collaragainst longitudinal movement upon said n'ut.

ll. In a power device of the character described, a base, a threadedscrew provided with a pluralit of longitudinally arranged notches in thet readed portion thereof, said screw being carried by said base, a nutthreaded upon said screw, said nut being provided with a shoulder at oneend, the 0pposite end of said nut being rovided with an external thread,a collar t eaded upon 10 said latter end, a head journaled upon said nutand seated upon said shoulder, and held by said collar againstIlongitudinal movement upon said nut. v

12. In a power device of the character described, a screw provided withhelical thread, said thread being provided with a plurality oflongitudinally arranged grooves adapted to be engaged by a rato et-likeoperating device.

ROY A. DE LANO.

